[Causes of hospitalization at Qods Pediatric Hospital of Qazvin [2007]]

determine the causes of hospitalization among 0-12 Ys children referred to Qods pediatric hospital of Qazvin. Data were extracted from the medical records of 750 hospitalized children selected based on classified random sampling method during 2007. The most common groups of diseases were infectious and parasitic diseases [25.3%], respiratory diseases [20.8%], and prenatal disorders [15.2%] and the most frequent diseases were gastroenteritis [22.9%] and pneumonia [14.4%]. According to our findings, conducting epidemiological studies and presenting health-educational program seem to be necessary to prevent and decrease the frequency of infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, and prenatal disorders

[Prevalence and pattern of infections among diabetes mellitus in-patients of Avesina Teaching Hospital of Qazvin [2009-2010]]

Infections are believed to occur with increased frequency in patients with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine the common infections in diabetic patients referred to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin. This was a cross-sectional study performed on 656 diabetic patients who were referred to Avesina Hospital in Qazvin [Iran] during September 2009 to April 2010. A questionnaire containing demographic information, type of diabetes, duration of disease, and type of infection was completed for each patient. Data were later analyzed using SPSS software and chi- Square of 656 patients, 126 cases [19.2%] suffered infection and the commonest infections involved were diabetic foot [52%] and urinary tract infection [26%]. Considering the data found in our study, attempts to immediately diagnose the type of infection in diabetic patients to reduce the rate of mortality are necessary

[Domestic violence against women and preventive intervention in the Minoodar and Kosar regions of Qazvin [2005-2006]]

study conducted by the Iran and the world show that the domestic violence against women while increasing the amount, caused damage of social and psychological many for its victims. study in order to determine the kinds of symptoms and the domestic violence against women, its side effects and the amount of influence communication skills training, solve the problem and deal with psychological pressure to reduce women in it. This study on the interference of 301 women 20 to 50-year-old resident in Minoodar and Kosar regions of Qazvin in the 2007-2008. Study population included the mothers of pupils from selected primary schools chosen through a multi-staged random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 3 sections including a section on demographic characteristics of both wife and husband, another section containing 60 questions based on Likert scales over different patterns of violence against women, and lastly, a section on complications of victims of domestic violence. Data were recorded both at the beginning and a year later post-intervention and further processed and analyzed using t-test for dependent samples. after the intervention, the average violence against women by their husbands had reduced 11.5% to 8.54%, yet the difference between mean values was shown to be insignificant, statistically. However, when assessing every single example of violence separately, some patterns of violence were found to be significantly decreased [p<0.05]. The most common types of complications among victims of violence were psychoneurotic disorder [11%], abortion [4%], some bruising around eyes [2.66%]. Additionally, the most and the least common types of violent behaviors against women were verbal abuse and tying up by 41.2% and 0.07%, respectively. The research showed that women to escape the violence in the domestic skills to many, especially his skills in connection with his wife and relations between the individual. In addition, for the reduction in this kind of violence is necessary to men as agents violence connection between the individual skill to learn

[Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among women in Minoodar district of Qazvin; interventional propositions]

Regarding the social changes and epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases, the health status and life style change specially in women of our country, and in view of multi-factorial etiology of cardiovascular diseases, evaluating the risk factors of such clinical complications seems to be of prime importance. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among women aged 20 years and over, in Minoodar district of Qazvin, accompanied with interventional propositions to lower the risk of such diseases. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 [out of a total population of 40,000, based on cluster sampling] women aged 20 or above in Minoodar district of Qazvin, in 2007. Questionnaire, physical exam, and biochemical tests were the materials of the present research. Using SPSS 11, the data were analyzed by chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The mean systolic blood pressure in study population was 118 +/- 16 and diastolic 76 +/- 10 mmHg, waist circumference 95 +/- 12 cm, total cholesterol 173.5 +/- 33, triglycerides 146 +/- 55mg/dl. The values obtained for the prevalence of major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were, cigarette smoker 0.8%, physical inactivity 62%, undesired body mass index 80%, waist circumference over 88 cm 97.5%, high blood pressure 6.5%, diabetes mellitus 5%, hypercholesterolemia 21%, hypertriglyceridemia 36.5%, and metabolic syndrome 30%. In view of high prevalence of risk factors found in our study, mobilizing the activities into interventional approaches to lower the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases is of prime priorities and mass media could play a crucial role in this regard

[ study of consumed vegetable parasitic infections in Qazvin]

Outbreaks of human parasitic diseases associated with the consumption of raw vegetables, often occur in developing and developed countries. To evaluate parasitic contamination of edible vegetables in Qazvin. This was a descriptive analytical study in which 150 samples of different vegetables including leek, parsley, lettuce, coriander, radish, spring onion, tarragon, basil, mint, and cress; collected from several greengroceries in Qazvin during 12 months between 2006-2007 were examined. Samples were evaluated for presence of metazoan and protozoan parasitic contaminations. The vegetable samples were washed with water and tested microscopically after performance of sedimentation method. Fifty three out of 150 samples [35.3%] were found to have parasitic contamination. Among those 45 [30%] and 8 [5.3%] were revealed to be metazoa and protozoa, respectively. Metazoan contaminations were detected by observation of helminthes' eggs 13 [8.6%] and rhabditoid larva 32 [21.4%] in vegetables. The highest rate of contamination was detected in leek [60%], and the lowest in coriander and radish [20%]. Regarding the parasitic infestation, rhabditoid larva with 21.4% and Hymenolepis nana ova with 0.7% were shown to have the highest and lowest rates, respectively. Based on our results, edible vegetables in Qazvin are the potential sources of several parasitic infections in human

[Determine the prevalence of tuberculose infection in diabetic patients in Qazvin]

Introduction: In Different Studies, diabetes is one of the most important Causes of reactivation of latent tuberculosis

Objective: Determine the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in diabetic patients in Qazvin

Materials and Methods: This study was performed as per census in the clinic of diabetes of Boo Ali educational hospital from Mar 2004 to Feb 2006. PPD test was asseced all patients and if the irresult was Negative, allergy skin test was used with diluted Tetanous-Diphteria Toxoid antigen, for evaluation of CMI [cell-Mediated Immunity]. If the result was positive and there was no clinical and radiographic abnormality, patients were reffered for chemoprophylaxis. In patients with clinical or radiographic signs of tuberculosis was performed sputom smear and active cases, and then were reffered for treatment

Results: PPD test was performed for 571 diabetic patients. The Results was: 415 [72.2%] 0 to 5mm, 88 [15/5%] 5- 10mm, 47[83%] 10-15mm and 43 [4%] >15mm .Alergy rate calculated as 27, 6 %. Four smear positive polmunary tuberculosis cases were detected [active case finding]. In all detected cases were seen abnormal findings in apical regions and in 3 out of 4 cases cavitary were seen in radiologyic report

Conclusion: In this study 12.3% of patients had more than 10mm induration in PPD skin test. Rate of alergy was comparable in diabetic patients to general population. Detection of 4 active cases of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis implicates the high prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic patients in comparison with general papulation

[Cost-benefit analysis of in-patient wards of Qods teaching hospital in Qazvin]

Application of financial analysis in hospitals for optimization and correct planning is of particular importance. To determine the cost-benefit status of in-patient wards of Qods Children Hospital affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in 2006. Allocation of cost to in-patient wards was accomplished based on Activity Based Costing [ABC] method and the income for individual wards was calculated through the counting of patients' files. The data were collected using information sheets specifically designed to cover necessary parameters. Bed-occupation rate was 63 percent. Personnel and non-personnel costs were 71% and 29% of total hospital costs, respectively. While the surgery ward earned 1,388,519 Rials per patient per day, the pediatric ward 1, pediatric ward 2, neonatal ward, and ICU ward were found to have a loss of 169806, 61249, 308495, and 901503 Rials per patient per day, respectively. Regarding the cost-benefit pattern demonstrated in our study, the hospital managers and decision makers must focus more seriously on lowering the waste operational costs, detecting causes of non optimization efficiency variance, and enhancing the activity capacity

[Survey of extract of white cabbage in prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer caused by aspirin in rats]

Introduction: Peptic ulcer is a multifactor trend caused by blood vessels alterations, mucus secretion, and gastric acid biochemistry condition of gastrointestinal tract. Aspirin [non-steroidal anti inflammation] with high curative effects can lead to mucus lesions in stomach. The lesion is caused by delay in stomach mucus rebuilding, increased free radicals and prostaglandin [PGI2, PGE2] producing prohibition. There were different applications for white cabbage mentioned in traditional medicine, however; the most important one was its use in digestive pains

Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the effect of extract of white cabbage in prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Aspirin in rats

Materials and Methods: In this research 48 rats were kept hungry for 48 hours and as a result ulcer peptide appeared with aspirin suspension in standard condition. For a group of rats an hour before prescribing aspirin, different amounts of edible extracts of white cabbage were used. For the other group of rats the same were used but this time after prescribing aspirin. In both conditions, animal's stomach were brought out and opened through the large curvature and lesion signs were assessed according to J. score criterion Then statistical analyses were preformed using variation factor and T. student test by SPSS software

Results: Findings showed that white cabbage's extract in the amount of 100 mg/kg is most effective on prevention of peptic ulcer caused by aspirin [P<0.01] as compared with 200mg/kg dose used to cure peptic ulcer P<0.05

Conclusion: As an overall conclusion, white cabbage can be used in prevention and treatment of peptic ulcer especially as prevention. Maybe the effect of this plant on peptic ulcer is like the prostaglandin that prohibits acid secretion, stimulates sodium bicarbonate and changes the PH of stomach and this can be further studied by researchers